Why your hands swell: Common causes and treatment options for oedema |
Hand swelling, medically known as oedema, occurs when excess fluid builds up in the tissues of the hands. It can also affect the feet, ankles, legs, and arms. While sometimes the cause is obvious, such as an injury, hand swelling may also signal underlying medical conditions that require attention. Common triggers include environmental factors, lifestyle habits, exercise, pregnancy, or certain diseases. Understanding the reasons behind swelling can help you manage the condition effectively and determine when to seek medical advice.
What causes hand swelling and why it happens
A study published in ScienceDirect discusses various causes of hand edema, including overexercising, forcing joints in a flaccid or hemiparetic hand, and systemic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. It highlights the multifactorial nature of hand swelling
Hot weather can lead to hand swelling
Exposure to unusually high temperatures may cause heat-related oedema. When your body struggles to cool itself, blood vessels expand, a process known as vasodilation, which can allow fluid to accumulate in the hands. Other heat-related symptoms may include cramps, dizziness, heat rash, and exhaustion. Typically, the swelling subsides after a few days as your body acclimatises. Elevating the arms or using compression wraps can help reduce swelling during this adjustment period. Staying hydrated and avoiding prolonged sun exposure also supports recovery.
High salt intake contributes to fluid retention
Salt plays a vital role in maintaining the body’s fluid balance. Consuming excess salt can make it difficult for the kidneys to eliminate unwanted fluid, which may then collect in areas such as the hands. Reducing dietary sodium is usually the first step in managing swelling caused by fluid retention. In some cases, doctors may recommend diuretics to help remove excess fluid, though these are not suitable for individuals with liver or kidney problems. Consistently monitoring salt intake and choosing low-sodium options can prevent recurring swelling.
Exercise-related hand swelling
Some people experience hand or finger swelling during or after physical activity. Exercise increases blood flow to the heart, lungs, and working muscles, sometimes reducing circulation to peripheral areas like the hands. In response, blood vessels expand, leading to temporary oedema. In rare cases, swelling may be associated with low sodium levels, especially in endurance athletes, accompanied by nausea or confusion. For most individuals, exercise-related hand swelling resolves naturally, but consulting a healthcare professional can provide reassurance and guidance for persistent or severe cases.
Pregnancy and hormonal changes
Swelling in the hands is common during pregnancy due to increased fluid retention and hormonal fluctuations. While often harmless, persistent or severe swelling can indicate conditions such as preeclampsia, which involves high blood pressure and potential organ complications. Symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include severe headaches, visual disturbances, abdominal pain, vomiting, and blood in the urine. Management of pregnancy-related oedema typically involves medical monitoring, lifestyle adjustments, and, in cases of preeclampsia, hospital-based interventions.
Lymphedema as a cause of hand swelling
Lymphedema occurs when lymph fluid builds up due to disruption or dysfunction of the lymphatic system. It may be primary, caused by genetic factors, or secondary, resulting from trauma, surgery, or treatments such as lymph node removal. Lymphedema can cause swelling, a heavy or tight sensation in the hand or arm, numbness, and restricted movement. Although there is no cure, treatments including compression therapy, targeted exercises, and a balanced diet can help manage swelling and prevent complications.
Psoriatic arthritis and joint inflammation
Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune condition affecting the joints, particularly those in the hands, fingers, and knees, often in people with psoriasis. Symptoms include swelling, pain, stiffness, warmth, and “sausage-like” fingers known as dactylitis. While there is no cure, treatments such as topical medications, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroid injections, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologics can reduce inflammation, improve mobility, and enhance quality of life. Early diagnosis and management are essential to prevent joint damage.
Angioedema and allergic reactions
Angioedema is swelling beneath the skin, often triggered by an allergic reaction to substances such as medications or insect bites. It commonly affects the hands, feet, lips, eyes, and genitals. The swelling may be accompanied by redness, which can be less visible on darker skin tones. Symptoms usually resolve on their own, but oral antihistamines can help relieve discomfort. Severe or persistent cases may require medical intervention to prevent complications.Although hand swelling is often harmless and temporary, persistent or unexplained oedema may indicate underlying health issues such as kidney or heart problems. Seek professional advice if swelling is accompanied by pain, redness, numbness, or other unusual symptoms. A healthcare provider can diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment or lifestyle changes to manage swelling effectively.Hand swelling can be caused by a variety of factors, from heat, exercise, and pregnancy to dietary habits and underlying medical conditions. Mild swelling often resolves with simple lifestyle adjustments such as reducing salt intake, elevating the hands, staying hydrated, and practising gentle exercises. In cases where swelling persists or is linked to medical conditions, consulting a healthcare professional ensures timely diagnosis and effective management, helping you maintain hand function and comfort.Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.Also Read: 6 tips to manage winter asthma effectively: Prevent flare-ups and protect lung health
