Endometrial (Uterine) cancer symptoms in women: Bleeding, pain, and other early slues |

Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system. It begins in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. While it usually affects women after menopause, it can also occur in younger women, particularly those with hormonal imbalances or obesity. Early detection plays a crucial role in treatment success, but many women overlook early symptoms, mistaking them for normal menstrual changes or menopause-related issues. Recognising the warning signs and seeking timely medical evaluation can make a life-saving difference.

What is endometrial cancer, and its 5 major symptoms

According to a study published in StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf, the earliest and most common symptom of endometrial cancer is abnormal uterine bleeding. Because this symptom overlaps with other benign gynaecological conditions, many cases are diagnosed at later stages. Understanding these signs can help women act promptly and improve their chances of early detection and successful treatment.1. Abnormal uterine bleedingAbnormal bleeding is the hallmark symptom of endometrial cancer.Post-menopausal bleeding, any bleeding after menopause, should always be treated as a warning sign.Irregular or heavy periods in pre-menopausal women, especially after the age of 45, should also be evaluated.Some women may experience bleeding between periods or spotting after sexual intercourse.Even light or infrequent bleeding after menopause requires medical attention. Doctors may recommend an ultrasound or biopsy to check for changes in the uterine lining.2. Unusual vaginal dischargeA watery, pink, or blood-tinged discharge may occur before or alongside abnormal bleeding. This discharge may appear thin or have a foul odour. While vaginal discharge can result from infections or hormonal changes, persistent or unexplained discharge in post-menopausal women is often an early symptom of endometrial cancer and should never be ignored.3. Pelvic pain or pressureSome women experience pain, cramping, or a heavy sensation in the pelvic region. This may start mildly and become more constant over time. Unlike menstrual cramps, cancer-related pain does not usually improve with rest or medication. Persistent pelvic discomfort, lower back pain, or pain during intercourse should be discussed with a gynaecologist.4. Changes in menstrual pattern or bowel habitsEndometrial cancer can sometimes cause noticeable changes in menstrual rhythm, such as prolonged, heavier bleeding or cycles that become unpredictable. As the tumour grows, it may press on nearby organs, leading to symptoms like bloating, constipation, or frequent urination. These subtle but persistent changes often signal that something is wrong and should be checked through a pelvic examination or imaging tests.5. Unexplained weight loss or fatigueAs cancer progresses, women may experience unintentional weight loss, loss of appetite, or chronic fatigue. These general symptoms occur when the body diverts energy to fight disease or when the tumour affects metabolism. Persistent tiredness, especially alongside abnormal bleeding or discharge, warrants prompt evaluation.

When to seek medical attention

Consult a doctor immediately if you experience:

Early diagnosis dramatically improves the chances of successful treatment. Post-menopausal women, or those with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or a family history of uterine or colon cancer, should be especially vigilant.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, medication, or lifestyle.Also read | Renal failure or kidney failure: Are they the same? Know the meaning, symptoms, and causes